Organizational Behaviorâ€A Definition Essay

Stephen P. Robbins states in the â€Å"Organizational Behavior 9/e† textbook that Organizational Behavior is a field of study, because many people in the organizational field spend time examining the behavior of people (p.1) . I learned in my prior Organizational Behavior class in undergraduate school, that Organizational Behavior is a â€Å"fractional field† of study because of the various disciplines that it encompasses. There are disciplines such as Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Economics, along with applied fields of study such as Industrial Psychology, Political Science, Labor Relations, Human Resource Management, and Organizational Development. For this reason, it is an â€Å"Applied Science.† Organizations themselves are ever changing, as are the people in them. The organizations adapt to change better than the people do. People are resistant to change, and are comfortable with what they know from past behaviors. Robbins states that, â€Å"thre e major aspects of behavior† are focused on when examining the behavior of people in work settings. The three aspects are â€Å"individuals, groups, and structures (p.1).† When examining individuals, there are three topics that are researched. These are how personality, attitudes, and motivation affect work (p.1). There is a lot of attention being paid to the behavior of employees of groups, because of the evolution of team formation over the last few years. Robbins states that people â€Å"work under a certain structure (p. 1).† This is where socialization and the organizational culture affect employees. Socialization is where an employee joins an organization, and forms expectations about what the organization will do for them, plus what they will do for the organization. The organizational culture is developed over time, and is a â€Å"pattern of shared values and beliefs.† There should be a fit between culture, people, tasks, strategy, and structure. This is why the research on Organizational Behavior is more of a â€Å"systematic study† than just relying on â€Å"intuition† alone (p. 1). It is believed that Organizational Behavior and Organizational Culture are tied together, and when the t wo are combined, the outcomes may affect performance. The best example that I have of Organizational Behavior, Culture, and Socialization being tied together in a work setting is when I worked for the Nutrition and Food Service (N&FS) Department a several years ago. The employees in the medical center kitchen were bonded together by  time in job. Most of the staff had been working together for years. They were not receptive to new employees, and I always loved to work. There were two or three â€Å"clicks† or groups. I was lucky and ended up with the â€Å"good employees† that liked to work. There was one group that were WG-3s and they thought that they were high enough in the organization that they did not have to do anything. I would do all of my work, and two other ladies, Carol, and Geraldine, would all get together and clean stock rooms and walk-in coolers. I had been told to slow down, because I was making the older people look bad to the supervisor. I told them that they were making themselves look bad. When I got a full-time job above some of the part-timers that had been there for years, I was â€Å"black-balled.† I had to tell my husband (married at the time) that they may call and tell him that I was having an affair (their favorite thing to do), and that he just had to ignore them. The old VA culture was one that employees could stand around and do nothing, while a few employees did everything. After a few employees of that service got fired, they learned that it was a â€Å"right to work† agreement and most have started to pick up the pace in recent years. Since I have been out of that job, I see the employees at break, and realize how much all have in common. I am in a wild position at this time. I have just learned that I was qualified for a job as a Supervisor in N&FS and am going to be scheduled for an interview. Since I know their past behaviors, I bet some of them are really hoping that I do not get the job, and the ones that told me to slow down, I bet they are really hoping that I do not get the job. References http://guest:guest@webct.prenhall.com/SCRIPT/Behavior/scripts/student/serve_page?920055142+Chapter1/notes3.htm. Robbins, Stephen P., 2002. Accessed from the Internet on March 5, 2002. Notes from prior Organizational Behavior lecture class from East Tennessee State University, 2000.

Alexandra of O Pioneers †English Essay

Alexandra of O Pioneers – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Alexandra of O Pioneers English Essay Although Alexandra is portrayed as the physical hero in Willa Cather’s O Pioneers, Emil seems to represent a more compassionate connection with the reader through his troublesome, heart wrenching relationship with Marie Shabata. Throughout this passage, the language strongly portrays the longing for something that seems unattainable and the rationalization of how life must continue. Ms. Cather uses her lyrical syntax to depict how Marie’s mental self torture, as a method of relinquishing her lust from Emil, transforms into a solemn burden of helplessness. Mental torment lingers in the air each time the two passionate human beings became close enough to feel each others presence. Consequently, Marie has not once ceased her thoughts of the rational future her mind longs for, and the passionate physical love that remains constantly throbbing within her heart. This unattainable craving is depicted while traveling, â€Å"her face lifted toward the remote, inaccessible evening star.† Not only is it palpably apparent that the evening star symbolizes Emil’s love, but the leading light is positioned almost perfectly over the Bergson’s barn. The universes’ â€Å"space† is a destination that lies in the minds of almost all children as a vast infinity of pure joy that is absolutely unreachable. Similarly, the longing to reach this inaccessible target represents brewing love that she simply cannot repress. Regarding the same mind-set, Cather portrays the imagery, â€Å"always the same yearning, the same p ulling at the chain- until the instinct to live had torn itself and bled and weakened for the last time, until the chain secured a dead woman, who might cautiously be released.† Marie recognizes her longing for Emil’s passion, but not yet as an emotion to which nothing can be accomplished in order to bring about its conclusion. She persists in this self-torture of the mind in an attempt to gruesomely force out this evil yearning, concealed deep within her soul. The agonizing motions never seem to cease until every ounce of the striving for independence slowly vacates her now listless fissure she refers to as a body, and only then she may be released, with much caution, back into the law bound world. It soon becomes apparent to Marie that these devilish yearnings are what defines one as a human being, and cannot be so easily removed with a mere flick of the mind. Upon this revelation, her mind begins to wander, believing she could sustain a carefree life, while carrying out the true passions of her heart only with intangible dreams. The wretched thoughts of this credence continue, â€Å"She felt as the pond must feel when it held the moon like that; when it encircled and swelled with that image of gold.† These once love-felt yearnings of the soul seem to be transforming into heavy burdens with no remedy. The pond seems to be intruded upon when the cumbersome moon barges in upon its once so simple life. Similarly, Marie believes her life married to Frank was straightforward and effortless prior to the intrusion of this passionate lust. However, to the on looking eye, this brilliant image of a golden gem, glistening and dancing in the pond’s tiny ripples seems enchanting and almost utopian. The question could be proposed: why does not Marie simply run from this painful marriage, and take pleasure in the life only thought possible in her dreams? To Marie, this seems the childish, effortless method to solve her predicament. She recognizes her own fault in making the decisions she did and vows to live them out in their entirety, even if it entails never fulfilling the passionate drive that constantly dwells beneath her. Research Papers on Alexandra of O Pioneers - English EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Hip-Hop is Art

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada The province of British Columbia, also known as BC, is one of the 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. The name, British Columbia, refers to the Columbia River, which flows from the Canadian Rockies into the American state of Washingon. Queen Victoria proclaimed British Columbia a British colony in 1858. British Columbia is on the west coast of Canada, sharing both a northern and southern border with the United States. To the south are Washington State, Idaho, and Montana, and Alaska is on its northern border. Origin of the Province Name British Columbia refers to the Columbia District, the British name for the territory drained by the Columbia River, in southeastern British Columbia, which was the namesake of the Columbia Department of the Hudsons Bay Company. Queen Victoria chose the name British Columbia to distinguish what was the British sector of the Columbia District from that of the United States or the American Columbia, which became the Oregon Territory on August 8, 1848, as a result of a treaty. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the city of Victoria. The capital of British Columbia remains Victoria. Victoria is the 15th largest metropolitan area of Canada. The largest city in British Columbia is Vancouver, which the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada and the largest in Western Canada. The Columbia River The Columbia River was so named by American sea captain Robert Gray for his ship the Columbia Rediviva, a privately owned ship, which he navigated through the river in May 1792 while trading fur pelts. He was the first non-indigenous person to navigate the river, and his voyage was eventually used as a basis for the United States claim on the Pacific Northwest. The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the U.S. state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The Chinook tribe who live near the lower Columbia River, call  the river Wimahl. The Sahaptin people who live near the middle of the river, near Washingon, called it Nch’i-Wna. And, the river is known as swahnetkqhu by the Sinixt people, who live in the rivers upper reaches in Canada. All three terms essentially mean the big river.

Free Sample Essay on Five Stages of Grief

Free Sample Essay on Five Stages of Grief Because death is an inevitable, natural fact of life, grief is only just as natural. â€Å"Grief† is defined as a deep sorrow, especially one that is caused by someone’s death. Some handle the death of a loved one better than others. Others, well, it tears them up inside and continues to negatively affect them for the rest of their life. Nonetheless, there is generally a process that a person tends to experience beginning after the passing of a loved one, and it starts with the initial shock of losing a dearly loved person and ends with finally accepting their passing. One model that explains the process of grieving is Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’ model â€Å"The Five Stages of Grief† – in which there is 1) Denial, 2) Anger, 3) Bargaining, 4) Depression and 5) Acceptance. Denial happens to people when they first lose a person to death and can’t believe it has happened. They deny it. It is essentially a stage of shock, numbness, and disbelief. They are not denying the death has occurred; they are more so experiencing this mentality: â€Å"I can’t believe this person, whom I love so much and came to depend on, will never be around to embrace again.† This thought process serves to protect the grieving because to understand this reality all at once would be too intense and overwhelming for the living loved ones. Eventually one asks, â€Å"How did this happen?† and â€Å"Why?† But this is natural; it’s a sign that they are moving out of the denial phase and into the process of healing. The second stage is anger – at oneself, at God, at the loved one, at the world. It is often kept bottled up inside until it turns into guilt – guilt that more could have been done to prevent this loved one’s death. But this is a completely natural response to loss. Recognizing this anger phase of the process of grieving and being able to control these strong emotions is a crucial step to moving on toward acceptance. You may also like: What are the qualities of a good friend? Pandas: Failure in a cute disguise Persuasive essay on Allan Edgar Poes story The art of effective problem-solving Argumentative essay on violence in children and the media Bargaining is the third stage. This occurs when the grieving person wants life to be like it used to be when the deceased was still alive and well. They essentially fixate on going back in time in order to prevent the death from happening in the first place. It is the â€Å"If only† mentality. This keeps the person focused on the past – and they avoid dealing with the emotions of the present, the reality of the deceased. Depression is the fourth stage of grieving, according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’ model of â€Å"The Five Stages of Grief.† It is when the person who has lost a loved one and who is grieving enters a darker level – one with intense feelings of emptiness and sadness. When daily habits become a burden, and joy is hard to find in any event or experience. It is not a mental illness at this point, per se, but a natural response to loss. In this stage, the griever allows himself or herself to begin accepting the loss. At this point, they allow themselves to feel the pain, loss, grief and sadness that comes  with the death of a loved one. This is crucial to healing – experiencing these emotions for this reason. The fifth and final stage of the grieving process is acceptance. It is not the cure to grief, as the loss of a dearly loved one can impact a person for the rest of their lives. Acceptance only means the person who has lost a loved one is ready to try and move on – to accommodate themselves in this world without the loved one. This is a process that everyone experience in one shape or form. It is one that can actually bring a person closer to the departed, the loved one, with a clear sense of the previous life and clear understanding how they want life to be now.

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Assignment

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance - Assignment Example The essay "Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance" concerns Lamentation's Scene for Jesus in the context of Renaissance. Several particular features give hint on the fact that this picture can be attributed to Northern Renaissance. The material and the type of canvas are among the most obvious. Oil on panel was commonly used by Northern artists as it permitted to preserve brightness of colors for a long time. The painting is very detailed and vivid with elaborated landscape. Apparently, the author underlines human`s side of Jesus Christ showing his tortured body and concentrating on the minor details of it. Ribs that got visible through skin because of starving, injuries that bleed, closed eyes of a dead man- there is no presence of God on this picture as the author tells us that Christ was suffering as much as we did. Despair, sympathy and sorrow can be read on the faces of Christ`s followers who came to him. Nothing on the picture suggests that C hrist will resurrect as he is portrayed as an ordinary human being who was suffering enormously. Massys does not concentrate nature in his painting, for him it is still the man and his suffering which matters the most but still the city o the background and the crosses thought-out ad realistic. Northern and Southern painting styles were different due to numerous reasons: they appeared in different geographical regions and were formed under the influence of different sources. Northern style was originated on the territory.

Motivation in Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Motivation in Business - Assignment Example There are many reasons why it is important to have a highly motivated workforce and all of them have become integral parts of the bottom line, to give something positive for the organization’s performance, especially in a highly competitive environment. In this paper, the author tries to incorporate some reasons why it is important to have a highly motivated workforce in an organization. From the perspective of a business consultant, some important moves in order to increase the motivation of employees and the implementation of these actions are discussed. The importance of motivation Motivation has varying definitions because there are different approaches that could explain it including instinct, drive, arousal, incentive, cognitive, and the hierarchy of needs (Feldman, 2003). At some point, it is more effective to combine all these approaches in order to explain what motivation is all about. For example, an individual’s effort to survive after an accident can be expl ained as an impact of his instinct to survive, then he would seek for medical help from the perspective of drive-reduction, and then his expectation that the doctors could help him can be justified using the cognitive perspective (Feldman, 2003). Applying the concept of motivation at work is important for the organization to tap the maximum potential of its workforce. ...Although, for instance, the lack of creativity may not simply imply a lack of motivation because not all people are creative in nature or has the ability to be creative. Fortunately, employees can be motivated in order to achieve the expected energy, commitment, and creativity. Energy It is important to motivate employees because motivation can actually provide them with the energy they need in order to perform their maximum function. From the point of view of Herzberg’s two-factor theory, employee’s satisfaction at work can significantly provide them with substantially high energy in order to do what they are expected of (French et al., 2008). However, Herzberg just emphasized that employees should have the ability and opportunity prior to motivating them.

Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesco - Essay Example Analysis of the company’s operating exposure 6 6. Management of operating exposure 7 7. Summary and conclusion 8 Appendices 11 1. The company Telco is a general merchandising and multinational grocery store in United Kingdom with its headquarters situated at Cheshunt. In the retailing section Telco plc ranks third in the word after Wal-Mart and Carrefour while it is second largest company in terms of profitability after Wal-Mart (Reuters, 2011). The company was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919.The company over the years has expanded geographically. The company is listed under the London Stock Exchange constituting of FTSE 100 index. Telco plc market capitalisation rate was around ?27.8 billion as on 15th September, 2012 (London South East, 2012). The main aim of the company is to provide its consumers with the best quality products at attainable rates, which make the company a success over the long period of time. The company operating in various countries like UK, US, Asia, Mala ysia, Thailand and Republic of Ireland, etc. have to confront the different market rate fluctuations. Thus this can be sorted through the study made below (Appendix: 1). 2. The macroeconomic situation United States alike the other advanced economies of the country has come through a lot of improvements from the economic perspectives. The financial markets have been stable since a past few years which got reflected through the continuous rally of corporate bonds and equities. This was achieved through the narrowing of the spreads of the corporate bonds and fall in the interest rates of inter-bank. Most of the lead indicators of the economic activity are showing signs of recovery-though the recovery of the economy is likely to take place at a modest pace. The slow recovery of the economy is the price that US is ready to pay to come to a balanced economy. Consumers entering the downturn with relatively high debt levels and low savings are pacing out the consumption of growth. However, a remarkable recovery is mainly due to the stable consumer spending and the revival of demand at the consumer level (Deloitte, 2009, p.5). 3. Porter’s five factor framework for competition It is mainly the analysis based on which the strategy of the company is incorporated before establishing a company in a new country or city. It was developed by Michael E. Porter to understand the unattractive forces of the market which may pose trouble in the establishment of a company. 3.1 Bargaining power of Buyers Apart from Wal-mart and Marshals the country of Canada lacks prospective large retailers. This gives Tesco a wide chance in establishing its business in Canada, as the population of the Canada has an earning capacity of $22,000 to $ $42,000 on an approximation (Statistics Canada, 2012). 3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers Most of the suppliers of Tesco being loyal to its company Tesco never had to face dilemma in terms of production of the related goods. Still Tesco comprising o f many suppliers their bargaining capacity is more when compared to Tesco as a buyer. In Canada the main three super markets are Wal-mart, Zellers and Giant Tigers. However, the threat faced from the suppliers is comparatively low as there is often a tendency for the large supermarkets to dictate the price paid to the suppliers of the product. If the suppliers do not agree with the price quoted by Tesco then it lies with very less options. Thus Tesco have a huge advantage in comparison to the local shops of Canada. 3.3 Competitive Rivalry Tesco can face competition on a larger scale from companies like Wal-mart, Zeller and Giant Tiger due to their business model strategy which is mainly based on the providing schemes of discounting on the overall products of the company. Thus to fight competition with the