Analyse and evaluate the validity of these two interpretations of the opposition to the Nazis in Germany during this period

The two extracts address the issue of youth opposition to the Nazis during the period 1933-1945. Source A an extract from an analysis â€Å"What was the extent of the opposition to Hitler's regime? † by S. J. Lee (1998) suggests that despite a centralised youth movement, the Nazis failed to maintain complete control and influence of all of Germany's youth. One consequence of this was the emergence of â€Å"alternative† and even opposition cultures and groups† among Germany's youth. Source B by Collier and Pedley writing in the text book â€Å"Germany 1919-1945† (2000) also identifies elements of dissatisfaction with the regime but implies that the affinity of young people with the Nazi dictatorship was â€Å"sustained†. Adolescents were not the only opposition provided by the youth, the students, especially those in Berlin and the major cities, where metropolitan lifestyles encouraged such behaviour were rife. The most notable was the White Rose movement, but there was numerous dissent from the ranks of the students, in the form of pamphlet distribution on the lines of anti-Nazism. The alternative groups that challenged the Hitler Youth did so out of resentment for the lack of liberty they had under the regime, and the emergence of the â€Å"jazz† and American trends such as swing and chewing gum made these people further affiliated with something other than Germany. Himmler, in a speech, gave the nazi view on these saw this as being unpatriotic, and said that all children listening to swing should be severely beaten, before being set arduous work. Frank McDonough states that although youths faced punishment and during the latter part of the war even death, the Anti-Nazi youth groups continued to operate and many of them teamed up with army deserters to attack the regime at the end of the war. The emergence of opposition to the Nazi regime amongst the youth created problems for the Nazis, Geoff Layton, in his book â€Å"Germany: The Third Reich 1933-45†, even saying that the youth contribution to crime soared by 300% from 1933 to 1939. This is true, increased regimentation, hours spent marching in army tradition bored many young Germans and it was clear that it was a form of army training and preparation. Old commanders of the Hitler Youth were out of touch with the youth. Many resented the fact that in 1939 it was made compulsory to join the Hitler Youth, which allowed the leaders of it to concentrate on indoctrination of the youth. The extract from source A, â€Å"the emergence of â€Å"alternative and even â€Å"oppositional cultures and groups† and lines two to three in source B refers to the â€Å"Edelweisspiraten† and the â€Å"Swing Jugend†. The former acted by going on camping trips in war time when travelling was strictly limited and singing insulting songs about Hitler and the Hitler Youth. Later as the war progressed however, we see this â€Å"alternative youth group† shielding army deserters and joining resistance groups that fought the Nazis, especially communists. This shows that overtime their adversity towards the regime increased. The latter, the â€Å"Swing Jugend†, set up illegal swing clubs and organised dances, showing a desire to ape the American/modern culture. Source A is an extract from an analysis into the opposition the Nazis faced, and was written by S. J. Lee; while Source B is from Collier and Pedley's book, â€Å"Germany 1919-1945†. The research that goes in to the work of academic historians is enough to ensure that to the best of the historian's ability, the source is correct; reading up on the subject in great detail, and reading from sources, judging their bias and reliability in the work they produce. The sources have both been written recently and so we can assume that the sources used are accurate and up-to-date. The following extract from source A, â€Å"deficiencies of the Hitler Youth†, is referring to the fact that not everybody was convinced with the Hitler Youth. It placed strong emphasis on military exercise and sport for boys, and home economics and motherhood for girls, which some resented. It also refers to the fact that the youth leaders were often old, going against the slogan â€Å"the youth should lead the youth†, and were out of touch with the youths in any case. Source A implies that the youth were the most socially deviant group in Germany, â€Å"Social deviance was most apparent among younger Germans† placing special emphasis on the working class youth. The Edelweiss pirates were scattered around the working class towns but shared an identity in the form of all wearing checked shirts, short dark trousers, white socks, a windbreaker and a metal edelweiss flower badge; effectively a uniform, and could be said to be a youth group themselves. They stood against the regimentation, rules and restrictions in the Hitler Youth and indeed disagreed with the regime itself, with the Raving Dudes based in Essen and the Navajos based in Cologne being closely linked to them. These facts help show the validity of source A, they actually proved to be opposition to the Nazis, and as is explained partook in a wide range of acts to belittle the regime. One of the main goals of the Edelweiss pirates was to challenge the Hitler Youth, they didn't merely dislike it, and they despised the members of it. Source B takes a different view; it is clear that M. Collier and P. Pedley think that the youth of Germany remained true to Nazism. It is has been established that these are academic historians, and that it is a recent production. The first line is fact, by 1939 there were indeed 7. 5 million Hitler Youth Members, claiming approximately 90% of the population of youths. It says that by 1939, The source mentions dissatisfaction with the Nazis with â€Å"young people became disaffected by growing regimentation, petty restriction and ineffective and ageing youth leaders. Also, the fact remains that these other groups remained a minority, as a whole representing only around ten percent of the population of the youth. Membership remained high in the Hitler Youth, through fear, both by parents and the children themselves, through them still being inspired due to the camaraderie in it, and by the fact that Hitler Youth members were far more employable in Germany by this time, especially in the civil service. So this shows that there was an â€Å"affinity of young people with the dictatorship† and it was upheld. My knowledge shows that the closing line of source B is correct, Hitler's staunchest supporters were indeed children, and it was they who fought for him tooth and nail in the final days of the war on the streets of Berlin. The sources do also have bad points. Criticisms applying to both extracts given are that they are both edited, this means the sources are not complete and therefore, lacking the context in which the source is set, one could be missing the full picture of what it is trying to portray. The sources underestimate the extent to which some youths acted against the regime. Geoff Layton, in his book â€Å"Germany, 1933- 1945†³, says that twelve youths were hanged publicly in 1944 for attacking military targets and the assassination of a Gestapo officer. The sources seem to avoid altogether opposition from students in universities, as we must not forget this proportion of the youths. The most famous of which was the White Rose Movement, Sophie Scholl, her brother Hans Scholl and a professor named Karl Huber at Munich University, distributing pamphlets containing anti-nazi propaganda and they also wrote graffiti on walls throughout major cities but mainly in Munich. The name of Germany will be tainted forever unless the youth arises †¦ by annihilating these torturers†, this is an extract from the white rose movement manifesto, February 1943, referring to crushing the nazis. Also in February 1943, Paul Giesler, the gauleiter of Munich, delivered a blunt speech to the students ridiculing the males saying they were to â€Å"physically unfit † for service in the army, and told the females to â€Å"stop wasting time reading books† and produce children for the Fuhrer. This resulted in a full scale riot against Nazism, but was quickly put down, though it is still a notable event as it was the first public demonstration against the Nazis since 1933. I feel it is important not to overlook the students when considering youth opposition, as students in the metropolitan cities had very liberal ideas, and partook in resistance to the regime. However, while Source A places emphasis on the working class as opposition groups among youth, the Swing youth movement consisted of mainly the upper-middle class affluent youth who desired and craved for the swing music that was big in America. It was these who could afford to get gramophones and import music recordings. The swing dances were attended by up to six thousand people at a time; showing their popularity and it can be seen that this feeling of resentment towards Nazi restrictions was widespread, regardless of social standing. Source A blames the lack of imagination of the Hitler Youth for the springing up of alternative youth groups; where as the Hitler Youth achieved 90% membership of all youth. This did not further decline much as the war went on, suggesting that those who joined tended to stay. With Source B, the following extract â€Å"young people remained Hitler's staunchest supporters†, in source B, suggests that M. Collier and P. Pedley do not agree with lots of historians including F. McDonough, with their view that the youth provided a strong base of severe opposition to the Nazis and the war effort. An instant drawback in source B is that the source is from a book that is very general, covering lots of topics in Germany from 1919-1945, so is not specialised in opposition. To conclude, I would like to point out that Hitler placed the utmost importance on controlling and converting the youth to the Nazi cause even going so far in one speech to say people hostile to the regime were unimportant as â€Å"your child belongs to us already†, he saw them as the future of Nazism. The presence of these â€Å"counter-cultural† groups, (for example, the Edelweisspiraten), therefore, were seen as a failure to Hitler, and as they were deemed so important their opposition was dealt with brutally. This fact means that the youths were bold and brave in taking place in even the most trivial resistance. The fact that these youths counted for a substantial minority of the population, especially in large German cities such as Dusseldorf and Munich shows that there was more than an element of opposition, and this got worse as the war went on and the youths started to assist the allied war effort. The idea that the Nazis were achieving a Volksgemeinschaft falls down here as well, as these groups showed a desire to have a separate and individual cultural identity. This shows that there were non-conformists, and as source B says, even though there were 7. 5 million Hitler Youth members in 1939, youth enthusiasm for the regime did fall, even before the collapse of the regime. So the sources are proven to be reliable to a certain extent and are to be trusted in an evaluation of the opposition that the Nazis faced; though more sources are needed to give a substantiated judgement on the opposition which will enable us to gain a fuller picture of the topic.

Hindi Literature Essay

Achievements: Premchand brought realism to Hindi literature. Premchand wrote on the realistic issues of the day-communalism, corruption, zamindari, debt, poverty, colonialism etc. He avoided the use of highly Sanskritized Hindi and instead used the dialect of the common people. Premchand popularly known as Munshi Premchand was one of the greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature. His stories vividly portrayed the social scenario of those times. Premchand’s real name was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava. He was born on July 31, 1880 in Lamahi near Varanasi where his father Munshi Azaayab Lal was a clerk in the post office. Premchand lost his mother when he was just seven years old. His father married again. Premchand was very close to his elder sister. His early education was in a madarasa under a Maulavi, where he learnt Urdu. When he was studying in the ninth class he was married, much against his wishes. He was only fifteen years old at that time. Premchand lost his father when he was sixteen years old. Premchand was left responsible for his stepmother and stepsiblings. He earned five rupees a month tutoring a lawyer’s child. Premchand passed his matriculation exam with great effort and took up a teaching position, with a monthly salary of eighteen rupees. While working, he studied privately and passed his Intermediate and B. A. examinations. Later, Premchand worked as the deputy sub-inspector of schools in what was then the United Provinces. In 1910, he was hauled up by the District Magistrate in Jamirpur for his anthology of short stories Soz-e-Watan (Dirge of the Nation), which was labelled seditious. His book Soz-e-Watan was banned by the then British government, which burnt all of the copies. Initially Premchand wrote in Urdu under the name of Nawabrai. However, when his novel Soz-e-Watan was confiscated by the British, he started writing under the pseudonym Premchand. Before Premchand, Hindi literature consisted mainly offantasy or religious works. Premchand brought realism to Hindi literature. He wrote over 300 stories, a dozen novels and two plays. The stories have been compiled and published as Maansarovar. His famous creations are: Panch Parameshvar, Idgah, Shatranj Ke Khiladi, Poos Ki Raat, Bade Ghar Ki Beti, Kafan, Udhar Ki Ghadi, Namak Ka Daroga, Gaban, Godaan, and Nirmala. Premchand was a great social reformer; he married a child widow named Shivarani Devi. She wrote a book on him, Premchand Gharmein after his death. In 1921 he answered Gandhiji’s call and resigned from his job. He worked to generate patriotism and nationalistic sentiments in the general populace. When the editor of the journal _Maryaada_ was jailed in the freedom movement, Premchand worked for a time as the editor of that journal. Afterward, he worked as the principal in a school in the Kashi Vidyapeeth. The main characteristic of Premchand’s writings is his interesting storytelling and use of simple language. His novels describe the problems of rural and urban India. He avoided the use of highly Sanskritized Hindi and instead used the dialect of the common people. Premchand wrote on the realistic issues of the day -communalism, corruption, zamindari, debt, poverty, colonialism etc. Premchand’s writings have been translated not only into all Indian languages, but also Russian, Chinese, and many other foreign languages. He died on October 8, 1936.

Preparation For Early Christianity Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The name of Christ (from the Septuagint word â€Å"Anointed One† or â€Å"Messiah†) can not be treated like just a symbol, it’s the name of our soul.   Christianity, in its turn, has become not only the one of numerous crucial periods in the history of humanity but the most blessed period in our history.   But as any historical and ideological period Christianity and the main stages of its development has always been an object of great quantity of works and discussions. And it   could not   be in other way as speaking about Christianity we mean the historical phenomena of global importance, we mean the Faith whose followers are millions of people in the contemporary world.   Justo Gonzales is one of few who managed to present a very clear and detailed picture of the preparation for Early Christianity. In the â€Å"The Story of Christianity† by Gonzales the preparation for Early Christianity is not only highlighted in strict connection with the history of those times but is given without any personal judgments of the author. The first chapter of â€Å"The Story of Christianity† is called â€Å"The fullness of time† and that is a very suitable name. The birth of Christianity took place in the times when the ideological and geographical situation was really â€Å"full†.   Gonzalez does not judge any doctrines or events- he just gives a detailed analytical synthesis of Early Christianity development starting from the first years of existence of Christianity up to the end of Reformation area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The birth of Christianity has become the most out standing period in the history of this religious current of millions.   The ancient science of Rome gave to the first roots of Christianity which got powerful development after coming of Christ.   The genius minds of Roman Empire had already proclaimed partially   what Christ brought with him then, just in their pagan interpretation it was not well finished and explained.   Socrates and Plato already had spoken in their works about the life after death and Socrates proved in his believe in life after death by accepting death voluntarily. â€Å"Plato’s teacher, Socrates, had been condemned to death as an incredulous corruptor of youth. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gonzalez 1984, 16) – that was his punishment for declaring philosophy which was claimed as destructive. The further development was unavoidable. The borders of Roman Empire have not become an insuperable obstacle for Christianity. And that is quite reasonable:  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦ Since trade flourished, travel was constant; thus Christianity often reached a new region, not through the work of missionaries or preachers, but rather through traveling traders, slaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gonzalez 1984, 14). With the development of empires new and news areas got under influence of Christianity.   Nevertheless, we must point out the one of the main sources which helped Christianity to overcome the field of the Roman Empire – Judaism has become a cradle of Christianity, it has become a launching platform for its early period: â€Å"The Early Church Diaspora Judaism For centuries before the birth of Jesus, the number of Jews living away from Palestine had been increasing† (Gonzalez 1984, 12). In his book Gonzalez pays special attention to Judaism. There were many different establishments among Judaism (the Zealots, the Essenes, etc.), some of these currents of Judaism being the synthesis of ancient pagan faith and Hellenistic culture. But precisely these initial roots were awaiting for the Holy Word of Christ to grow up and overcome the boards of long-suffering Palestine.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliography Gonzalez, Justo. The Story of Christianity: Volume One: The Early Church to the Reformation. New York: HarperOne, 1984.

The future technologies of drug delivery systems Essay

The future technologies of drug delivery systems - Essay Example teins or synthetic gene design have matured to the level where they can transferred to industrial applications in recombinant protein design (Kayser & Warzecha, 2012). On the basis on genetic code, numerous proteins that have been approved for clinical use are subjected to alterations. These changes occur in amino acid substitution so as to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity. In addition, these changes also lead to the development of antagonist functionality. These derived proteins with site directed mutations are referred to as muteins and display good pharmacological attributes. Several approved recombinant therapeutic products are engineered post-biosynthesis. From the molecular biology background, post-translational engineering is associated with glycosylation or lipidation post-biosynthesis (Kayser & Warzecha, 2012). A drug delivery system (DDS) is defined as a formulation or device that allows the introduction of a therapeutic substance in the body, such a system is capable of improving the efficacy as well as safety of the substance by controlling the rate, time and place of release of the drug in the body. This process includes the administration of the therapeutic product, the release of active ingredients across the biological membrane to the site of action (Jain, 2008). The majority of the pharmacological attributes of classic drugs can be enhanced by the use of drug delivery systems. These include particulate carriers mostly comprising of polymers and lipids as well as their associated therapeutics. Drug delivery systems are devised to change the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Alternatively, these drug delivery systems function as reservoirs for the associated drugs (Allen & Cullis, 2004). The main objective of medicine and pharmacy is the delivery of any medication at the right time in a safe and reproducible fashion to a particular target and at the appropriate level. However, this requirement is often

Human Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Motivation - Essay Example Psychological distress is common in patients with all forms of cancer and furthermore, the symptoms of depression overlap with the cancer symptoms which hinder further diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Several years ago Klubler/Ross identified the grief stages everyone goes through when we experience a traumatic loss. First is denial, "this really can't be happening". Next is anger, "why is this happening". This gives rise to anger, outrage and blame. Blame also shifts to guilt as helplessness takes over. Then comes bargaining, an attempt to make deals with the situation.. It's begging, wishing, praying for the pain to cease. It is wishing for things to be normal like they were before the intruding loss. Finally depression sets in, overwhelming feelings of hopelessness, frustration, bitterness, and self pity over the loss. As an individual works through these emotions, finally acceptance becomes the new reality. There is a difference between resignation and acceptance. The individual has to accept the loss, not just try to bear it quietly. A patient of post surgery stoma is highly dependant on the hospital and health care staff as well as family members. Maslow has depicted the hierarchy of needs as a five level pyramid. The four lower levels are grouped together as deficiency needs which comprise mostly of physiological needs and the apex represents growth needs which refer to psychology needs.

Mid - report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mid - - Lab Report Example In order to achieve this, several safe construction procedures were applied. Initially, the layout and planning of the building involved the consideration of the strategic location of the various rooms, walls, openings like doors and windows and also the number of floors to be constructed. Site and foundation aspects were other key considerations that the construction team considered during the initial stages of the construction. As part of initial construction planning activities, steps to furnish the lateral resistance and critical considerations of vulnerable sections, highly stressed areas, pillars and sections which are highly likely to be affected by the earthquake forces with respective reinforcement required laid down. This provided me with an ideal overview of the structural action, structural vulnerabilities and mechanisms of damage to buildings due to earthquakes. As the planning and layout foundations were carried out, there are several key technical lessons that I learnt. In a bid to construct buildings which are safer and able to withstand external forces, instead of structures being brittle and able to collapse suddenly, reinforcements should be included to make them tough and able to deform or deflect a reasonable amount of external force. This we achieved by using resistive elements like shear walls and bracing. These elements were evenly distributed throughout the initial construction procedures in multi-directions. In the initial layout that we constructed, all the elements which include the roof and openings among others were tied together. This was in a bid to reduce the effects accompanying earthquake forces. The technical explanation behind this was that this would make them act more like an integrated unit during the shaking resulting from earthquake and thereby transferring the resultant forces across the pre-created connections. This prevents

Advantages and Disadvantages of Capitalism and Socialism Research Paper

Advantages and Disadvantages of Capitalism and Socialism - Research Paper Example This essay declares that capitalism has slowly emerged to what it has become today, to an extent that it is the most common system of government especially in United States and Europe. Factor that characterize capitalism can be put under four groups of behavioral and institutional structures that are; goods production that is market oriented; production means that is privately owned; a great population that is non existent unless it sells its power to labor in the market; an economic system that displays individualism and need to acquire by most people. This paper stresses that every economic system has its strengths and weaknesses and capitalism is not an exception. Some of the pros of capitalism include economic freedom that spill over to become political freedom, when the means of production and price determination is in the governments hand, it gives the government a lot of power that leads to bureaucracy that may be evident in other parts of life as well. Capitalism experiences efficiency as firms are motivated to be efficient in producing goods according to demand. Such incentives encourage cost cutting and reduced wastage. State firms have a tendency of being inefficient as they lack the motivation for instance to reduce the surplus work force and venture into innovative methods of production. As individuals and companies encounter motivation to work hard, this leads to innovation and expansion of the economy, consequently this aids in increased actual growth of the GDP and improved standards of living.

Korea Federation of Small & Medium Business Essay

Korea Federation of Small & Medium Business - Essay Example The federation continued to grow and in 1994, the Workface Service Corps for following workers was established. In 1997, small and medium business training centre was established. There was marked growth on the federation in the 1990s which continued in the 2000s. In 2004, the federation establish outlet in Daegu and in 2004, it opened an agency office in Wonju, Gangwon-do which brought to seven the number of agency offices national wide. In 2006, the federation changed its name to Korea federation of small and medium business (Kbiz). This is an outline of a brief history of how the federation has evolved since the 1960s to play it's currently role in the economy and in the business world. During its establishment the federation had set vision which was defined by a set of objectives. Kbiz had the vision of becoming a reliable partner of small and medium enterprises in order to realize dreams and goals in their operation. Therefore it was aimed at standing at the centre of the creation of new opportunity and future value offering the necessary support to the SMEs to help them continue with their innovation, and take them through their challenges. In order to achieve this it had a hope model that outlined what the federal is aim at achieving. As revised during changing of its name, the federation was aimed at offering high service to the clients as give valuable services that will help SMes save time and money, development of a open network of fibers value creation network to be achieved through management which upholds the spirit of entrepreneurial spirit and efforts of the SMEs, and offering excellent effort to the SMEs by linking and connecting different people and different businesses. Activities The federation has been involved in a number of activities which are all aimed at helping the working of the SMEs. The federation is involved in SMEs policy development and research. In this regard, the federation host discussions with experts in order to identify problems that are faced by SMEs and therefore come up with recommended policies that can be adopted by the government and other related authorities and also helping the SMEs to pursue other means of achieving these recommendations. The federation carries out researches and provides all statistics and information as regards the operations of SMEs in the country. The federation also has been able to establish and operate innovative SMEs regulation centre which ensure that there is a favorable environment for formation of companies. In this regard it has been able to identify incentives and other areas of alleviation that are necessary for the operation and formation of these businesses. (Kbiz, 2008) The federation has also been active in organizing and development of the SMEs by supporting a collective initiative. Kbiz has been proving support to help the SMEs to corporate and purse growth together. This has helped tem to advance and increase their financial viability which makes them an attractive investment destination for many investors. Kbiz also support necessary collective activity which is based on the spirit of mutual assistance aimed at enabling such activities like the development of technology, collective brand development, and several other activities which many businesses cannot conduct alone. The federation al

Personal project and Scoop management plan for my personal project Assignment

Personal project and Scoop management plan for my personal project - Assignment Example I would like to urge the management of the company to consider investing in Dream Chaserâ„ ¢ Vehicle. It is a new project that if adequately supported, will make the company to go a step further. I propose that a lot of funds should be allocated so as to enable me and my team to conduct a thorough research so as to ensure that the new brand of vehicle will be the best one in the market. If it is equipped with all the necessary features, it will become so comfortable to the users. For this reason, they will do all that they can to purchase it. By this, the company will not only rebuild its reputation, but increase its revenues. This demonstrates that even if the project has been created by me, it will not succeed if not supported by others. In order for the Dream Chaserâ„ ¢ Vehicle project to be a success, well-thought feasible and manageable plan need to implement. This plan will include strategies that can enable the project to achieve its objectives. First, I would like to suggest that the project should be executed by a team of professionals. In order to cope up with the stiff competition in this field, Sierra Nevada Corporation needs to come up with novel ideas. Meaning, it should incorporate the input of well trained professionals to carry out all the activities. The other strategy to be adopted is the production of high quality products. As already hinted, the auto industry has become so competitive. So, for the company to succeed in this project, it needs to manufacture exceptionally high quality vehicle that will appeal to the target clients and win their confidence. Besides, producing high quality vehicles will help in making the company to stand as outstanding manufacturer in the midst of others. Lastly, I would like to suggest that the project should be given enough time, finances and resources. As a new product, the company should be ready to incur all the expenses it requires. Apart from allocating

Consider how economics of law can provide helpful insights into Essay

Consider how economics of law can provide helpful insights into controlling an increase in crime rates - Essay Example According to Bodell & Kerton (1995) â€Å"The higher the cost of being detected, the lower is the expected profit† (Bodell & Kerton, 1995) This refers to the notion that offenders are always at risk, therefore they expect higher profit with greater rate of risk involved in committing crime. Thus they might use an accomplice to watch for police, buy more sophisticated equipment to break into cars more quickly, etc. On the other hand, some potential offenders find that the expected reward from crime is less than the expected cost. Similarly, if the opportunity which knocks at the door of offender which costs his devoted time to criminal activity, potential offenders are likely to reduce their criminal activity. The greater the opportunity, the higher would be the cost, thus we expect the supply of crime to decrease when good jobs in the legitimate sector are plentiful, and to increase when unemployment is high. In fact, several studies have confirmed this theory, by showing that crime rises and falls with the business cycle and the ups and downs of the economy. What about the â€Å"demand† side of the market? Potential victims can take costly actions such as installing burglar alarms, taking cabs instead of walking in high-crime areas, purchasing defensive firearms, and taking lessons in self-defence. All of these activities might affect the potential victim’s chances of being victimised. Although potential victims do not actually â€Å"demand† crime, they do demand-and devote considerable resources to trying to achieve-reductions in their chances of being victimised. This is the reason for why they â€Å"demand† less crime. However according to Kopcke et al (2004) â€Å"Workers react this way even if demand declines temporarily† (Kopcke et al, 2004) refers to the notion that even if the local authorities go on with penalties and punishments, that would not completely deter offenders.

Obsession gone wrong Essay Example for Free

Obsession gone wrong Essay It is often said â€Å"there’s a thin line between genius and insanity†. From Einstein with his shaggy hair and stuck-out tongue to Archimedes running about the street naked shouting â€Å"eureka! † after making a discovery, one can’t help but agree with whoever made that statement. Mary Shelley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John Steinbeck and Jeremy Bernstein all wrote stories of scientists who were all geniuses – they all had devoted years of study into their fields. Yet, some of them acted irrationally without considering the consequences of their actions (Frankenstein; Aylmer), some did things against their nature (Frankenstein; Phillips), and you couldn’t help but question the sanity of others (the narrator in Bubble and Squeak; Aylmer). In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein was â€Å"forced to spend days and nights in vaults and charnel-houses†. Of course, no one forced him to– he was driven by the ambition to discover the source of life. And when he did, an even greater ambition drove him – to create and give life to a human being and eventually, â€Å"a new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me†. To make this dream a reality, he subjected himself to many experiences that the next human would find extremely repulsive and disgusting. In his own words, â€Å"†¦often did my human nature turn with loathing from my occupation. † But the ambition always overpowered his human nature. A beautiful summer came and passed, but he was too busy with his studies to notice. He had also lost touch with his family and friends, even though he knew his father would be anxious. It was telling on him, too. He had become emaciated, and many sleepless nights had his eyes bulging from their sockets. He deteriorated to the extent that he became a nervous, solitary wreck, and a fever came upon him every night. Nathaniel Hawthorne in his book â€Å"The Birthmark† said the scientific hero Aylmer had â€Å"devoted himself too unreservedly to scientific studies to be weaned from them by any second passion. His love for his young wife might prove the stronger of the two, but it could only be by intertwining itself with his love for science and uniting the strength of the latter to his own. † Aylmer had a young, beautiful wife; unfortunately Georgiana had a tiny flaw on her face, which made her imperfect in his sight. From then on, his obsession was to get rid of the birthmark from her face, and he had come to hate it so much that the sight of it made him shudder. Other men saw the birthmark and saw beauty and charm, Aylmer saw it and saw a defect, a representation of all imperfections. Even Aminadab, Aylmer’s lab assistant, said that â€Å"if she were my wife, I’d never part with that birthmark. † Because the birthmark was in the shape of a tiny hand, it was often remarked that it was the print of a fairy’s hand on her cheek, which made her â€Å"hold such sway over all hearts. † However, Aylmer was a man of science, and most likely did not believe in fairies and all the whatnot, and so he considered the birthmark as â€Å"a frightful object, causing him more trouble and horror than Georgiana’s beauty, whether of soul or sense, had given him delight. † In other words, his horror at the birthmark for making Georgiana imperfect became stronger than his appreciation of Georgiana’s beauty. Further along in the story, Aylmer became extremely devoted into creating a mixture to get rid of the birthmark that he secluded his wife. Once, Georgiana followed him into his lab and was frightened, not by the scientific apparatus, but by what she saw of her husband. â€Å"He was pale as death, anxious and absorbed. † Georgiana once wondered if she could satisfy him, and realized that she couldn’t, as â€Å"his spirit was ever on the march, ever ascending, and each instant required something that was beyond the scope of the instant before. † Dr Phillips in John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Snake† was a man who â€Å"could kill a thousand animals for knowledge, but not an insect for pleasure. † He had no problem with killing for study, as was shown when he was petting cats and feeding them in one minute, and in the next put one of them into a killing chamber for biology classes. His research about the starfish also shows that. But we know killing animals is not in his nature when he â€Å"felt that it was profoundly wrong to put a rat into the [rattlesnake’s] cage, deeply sinful† when the strange woman asked him to feed the snake. It was something he did regularly himself, when he needed to feed the snakes, but because the snake had already had its rat for the week, Dr Phillips felt sickened. Probably because he felt the rat was going to die for no reason. For science, Dr Phillips went against his nature. Jeremy Bernstein’s â€Å"Bubble and Squeak† is the story of a mathematician who had become so analytical it was comical. For example, normal people emphasize the scariness of ghosts in ghost stories; instead, he tries to explain ghosts as apparitions caused by atmospheric densities. He always tried to draw a mathematical and scientific parallel to everything he saw. He calculated probabilities of events, and even wondered if it was possible to measure feelings. What these four scientific heroes had in common was obsession. Victor Frankenstein’s obsession was to become a creator of humans; Aylmer’s obsession was perfection, as expressed by wanting to get rid of his wife’s birthmark; Dr Phillips numbed his nature for the study of science, he was obsessed with biology; and the narrator in Bubble and Squeak had become too mathematical and scientific for his own good. Science in its nature is rather addictive. The more you discover, the more you want to discover – It’s like a never quenching thirst for knowledge. In the words of Victor Frankenstein, â€Å"†¦ in a scientific pursuit there is a continual food for discovery and wonder. † It is as a result of this persistent pursuit of science that many inventions that we take for granted today, the same inventions we can’t imagine living without, were created. However, the danger is in letting our pursuit of knowledge or any other thing control us, such that we do things that are against our nature, or fail to appreciate the simple pleasures of life. As Victor Frankenstein eventually learnt, â€Å"A human being in perfection ought always to preserve a calm and peaceful mind and never to allow passion or a transitory desire to disturb his tranquility. I do not think that the pursuit of knowledge is an exception to this rule. If the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections and to destroy your taste for those simple pleasures in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is unlawful, that is to say, not benefitting the human mind. † (Shelley 40) SADE MABA HUM 101 WORK CITED: Lynch, Robert; Swanzey, Thomas and Coakley, John. The Example of Science. 3rd ed. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2003. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. 30th ed. New York: New American Library, Penguin Group (USA) Inc. , 2000.

About being a Police Officer Essay Example for Free

About being a Police Officer Essay If you are interested in becoming a police officer, you must be aware of how tough it is to get the job. You have to go through hard mental and physical screening and training, and for good reason. Police work is a noble career, but it can also be a difficult life. I choose this topic because I know much about it already but I want to learn more because I might end up being in Law Enforcement. Being a Police Officer is not as hard as it looks you having to be fit. To become a police officer, you must pass a fitness test, and you will be required to accomplish various fitness challenges at the police academy. Its not all action all the time. You will need to write reports of what happened, and those reports must be accurate and detailed because they can be used as evidence in court. See more: Old Age Problem essay Crime wont stop when youre off duty. You may be called upon to assist with a situation at any time. However, these extra hours often come with overtime pay. The communitys safety is in your hands, and your work will not always be respected. You have to be able to tolerate people not trusting you because of the actions of other police officers, and you may find yourself rebuilding trust on a regular basis. Not only will you work on a daily basis with your partner, but you must also represent the police to the community. Your every action will be under scrutiny, either by your supervisor, your peers or the public at large. This is what I know before I start learning more about being a Police Officer.

The Advantages Of Online Banking

The Advantages Of Online Banking What is online banking? As we all know online banking is something that we can pay bills by mail and deposit checks at your bank branch. Online banking is becoming much more common. You can pay your bills online and access a record of your checking account transactions online. Online banking is a great feature, and most banks do offer it. Online banking makes everything you do with your finances a bit easier. You can access the information anywhere that you have access to the Internet. It makes your financial life much easier to manage. Online banking refers to systems that enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or other intelligent device such as PDA or hand phone which enable to connect to internet or WIFI (Wikipedia, 2009). Moreover, online banking isnt out of change your money habits. Instead, it uses todays computer technology to give you the option of bypassing the time-consuming, paper-based aspects of traditional banking in order to manage your finances more quickly and efficiently. The advent of the Internet and the popularity of personal computers presented both an opportunity and a challenge for the banking industry. Financial institutions have used powerful computer networks to automate millions of daily transactions; today, often the only paper record is the customers receipt at the point of sale. Now that its customers are connected to the Internet via personal computers, banks envision similar economic advantages by adapting those same internal electronic processes to home use. Online banking is a powerful value added tool to attract and retain new customers. Besides it also help to eliminate costly paper handling and teller interactions in an increasingly competitive banking environment. Literature Nowadays, a lot of entrepreneurs launch the internet payment system in worldwide and the inter banking and telephone banking system spread rapidly. This system give the advantages of being convenient, safe efficient and economical (Li, 2002). Now entrepreneurs provide online banking as add-on services to the existing b ranch acitivies whole mobile banking is in the initial stage of implementation (Sylvie Laforet and Xiaoyan Li). Safety was also reported to be a big obstacle for online payment (Wong et al., 2004). With the increasing popularity of the internet, more and more industries are seeking ways to utilize this popular medium in an effort to keep up with the changing technological preferences of their customers. These days you can do just about anything online from grocery shopping to making a free phone call to a friend in Tokyo through your PC. The possibilities of the internet are seemingly endless and the banking industry has decided that it will not be left behind. While most people have at least heard of online banking, the majority of them have probably not tried it yet. Maybe its because we find more comfort in working with real people and real paper when it comes to money matters rather than performing transactions in the seemingly impersonal universe of the World Wide Web. Whatever the case may be, there are both advantages and disadvantages to online banking as a safe way to quickly and efficiently manage your finances. Howcroft et al. (2002) revealed that younger consumer value the convenience or time saving potential of online and mobile banking more than older consumers. Young consumers also regarded the lack of face-to-face contact as less important thean older consumers. They also found among the reasons for consumers to be reluctant to use online services were concerns over security, lack of awareness of online services offered by banks and complex bank sites. The evolution of the bank Web presence is simple web presence (Staticpages with general information about the bank), off-line interactive site (Customized contact with the client; online communication through e-mail) and internet banking services (Online transactions). Sathye (1999) investigates internet banking adoption by Australian consumers and identifies security concerns and lack of awareness as the main obstacles to adoption. Cheng et al. (2006) found perceived web security to be significant determinant of customers acceptance of online banking. Customers tend to increase purchase only if they perceive that credit card number and other sensitive information is safe. Websites are essentially a type of information technology. Direct confrontation is an internet transaction platform. Shopping websites allow customers to choose products based on their own needs and provide businesses with transaction platform through interactive communications to fulfill the transaction (Grace T.R Lin and Chia-Chi Sun, 2009). Entrepreneurial businesses are recognized as more informationally opaque than large and more established firms, and the collection of private information is costly (Ang, 1991). Online banking allows entrepreneurs to lower the transaction costs, incurred by transportation for instance, and access physically distant multiple lenders with much lower searching costs (Liang Han, 2007). Although online banking service is long introduce is western countries and widely used. However, in Malaysia, online banking is not so popular and online being used by certain sector. This might because of technology, knowledge of internet and trust among the consumer and businessman. Types of business using online banking are Bank, E-commerce, Online Game, Public Sector, and Private sector. Bank The concept of online banking rise from the Global Finance Houses whose primary objective was to ensure that customers were tuned to their finances from any part of the world. In Malaysia, Online banking is being introduced during year 2000 (b.shanmugam, 2000). Malaysia had started to introduce online banking to it nation through Maybank. However, during that time, internet is not so popular used and the online banking service is gone through wireless application protocol (WAP). Many complaints are received during that time due to the transmission of data is very slow. However, it has being improved after the encouragement of using broadband by Malaysia government. By introducing online banking in bank, the major functions of online banking is using for transaction. It enables customers to transfer their money to their account or other peoples account. As a result, customers no longer have to bring big amount of money walking around the street. What they just need to do is just one c lick in front of home computer (bankrate.com, 2009), for example CIMB clicks and Maybank2u.com. Beside from that, customer also can use online banking for payment. As online banking is functioned 24hours every day, user can pay their bills any time anywhere as long as connected to internet (Gerard, Cunningham and Devlin, 2006) and the proper function of the bank website. By the way, customers also can check there account status through online banking and any transaction that had being done before. Because of these conveniences, customers no longer have to queue up at the counter to wait for their turn. A part from that, ATM (Baba Prasad, Patrick Harker, 2009) also considers as one of the online banking system where is enable customer to withdraw money, payment, transaction and account checking. E-commerce Beside from the Bank are using the online banking, e-commerce sector also using online banking for their transaction of payment. Nowadays, more and more online store are available in the in the internet such as and many young generation are preferring for online purchasing. Every payment or transactions of money are done through online banking idle through ATM machine or personals computer. Online Game, Public Sector, and Private sector Nowadays, online games also provide online banking service for their customers to top up the credits or purchasing item for their online games. From what can be seing, many online banking website consist of online games advertisement and there will be a column for customers to top up. Beside from that, public sector such as government and private sector such as supermarket or own business also connected with online banking whereby to save time and cost (Banco Bank, 2009). With this service, any corporations or government sector can transfer any of money to others easily and all the transaction will be transfer in data form. Method Online banking products and services can include wholesale products for corporate customers as well as retail and fiduciary products for consumers. Ultimately, the products and services obtained through online banking may mirror products and services offered through other bank delivery channels. Some examples of wholesale products and services include (National bank of America, 1997): Cash management. Wire transfer. Automated clearinghouse (ACH) transactions. Bill presentment and payment. Examples of retail and fiduciary products and services include: Balance inquiry. Funds transfer. Downloading transaction information. Bill presentment and payment. Loan applications. Investment activity. Other value-added services. National banks of America have experimented with various forms of online banking for many years. Some of the early experiments involved closed systems where the customers accessed banks through a dial-in or cable TV connection. These systems limited a banks potential customer base because they required out-of area customers to either incur long-distance charges on their phone bills or subscribe to a particular cable TV service to access the bank. With the widespread growth of the Internet, customers can use this technology anywhere in the world to access a banks network. The Internet, as an enabling technology, has made banking products and services available to more customers and eliminated geographic and proprietary systems barriers. With an expanded market, banks also may have opportunities to expand or change their product and service offerings. Besides, now the most services that the companies use are; easy account maintenance, online bill payment, online balance transfer, accou nt alerts, rewards for going paperless. Easy Account Maintenance Online banking makes it easy to keep track of your balance and the activity of your accounts. For those who have multiple accounts with the same bank, many online banking systems allow for you to see the balances of all of your accounts on a single screen. You can also easily go back and forth between your accounts and monitor their activity with little to no hassle. Online Bill Payment Probably the most widely used advantages of online banking is the ability to pay bills online. Most online banking systems feature this capability, allowing for you to enter in your account information for your billers, to pay them directly from your bank account. A lot of banks even allow for recurring payments to be set up for those bills that remain the same each month such as mortgage, rent, car, and personal loan payments. Depending on the relationship your bank has with the biller your payments can be automatically debited from your account or an electronic check may be drafted and mailed to the biller. Any ways you look at these are all advantages of online banking: save you time, save money on postage, and provide the opportunity to avoid late fees with careful planning. Online Balance Transfer At some point you may find that you have to make a purchase and do not have enough in your checking account to cover it. However, you may have the funds needed in another account such as a savings account. One of the advantages of online banking is the ability to transfer funds from one of your accounts to another. This online banking feature helps to prevent insufficient funds, return check, and overdraft fees on your account(s). A word of advice about transferring from your savings account, try to keep this type of online banking activity to a minimum. Federal regulations prohibit an excess of six transactions from occurring on a savings account within a billing cycle. Account Alerts Another one of the advantages of online banking is the availability of setting up account alerts. Some banks offer account alert set up, where an email or even text message can be sent to you based upon certain criteria you select. For example, if you have a recurring bill payment where an electronic check is drafted and mailed, you could set up an alert to be sent to you advising when the bank has mailed out the payment. Other alerts include, weekly activity alerts, statement alerts, and low balance alerts. These alerts work to make monitoring your account easier. Rewards for Going Paperless All of the focus on going green these past few years, the last in the advantages of online banking list deals with rewards for going paperless. A lot of banks offer rewards in the form of rewards points or cash to help reduce the amount and cost of paper consumption. By opting to receive your bank statements online, increasing the use of online bill payment, and using your bank card more frequently your rewards could rack up significantly and youd be helping out the environment in the process. Improvement Online Banking Essential Security Measures Financial institutions and businesses are studying various approaches to the online banking security problem. The idea behind all the solutions is to include some extra layer beyond the user name and password that would act as a barrier to account access. The most popular approach that is used widely in corporate settings, involves physical objects that serve as keys. Most have focused on solutions using software, which might offer some improvement in security at much lesser cost. Bank of America began introducing a software-based program designed to prevent crooks from impersonating either a bank customer or the bank itself. Financial institutions and corporations engaging in any form of Internet banking should have effective and reliable methods to authenticate their customers. An effective authentication system is necessary for compliance with requirements to safeguard customer information, to prevent money laundering, to reduce fraud, to inhibit identity theft. The risks of doing business with unauthorized identified persons in an Internet banking environment can result in financial loss and reputation damage. There are a many different technologies and methodologies financial institutions can use to authenticate their customers. These methods include the use of customer passwords, personal identification numbers, digital certificates using a public key infrastructure, physical devices such as smart cards, or other types of authentication methods. Existing authentication methodologies involve three basic features: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Something the user knows (e.g., PIN, Password); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Something the user has (e.g., ATM card, smart card); and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Something the user is (e.g., biometric characteristic). Authentication methods that depend on more than one mechanism are more difficult to breach than single-feature methods. Accordingly, properly designed and implemented multi-feature authentication methods are more reliable and stronger to deter fraud. For example, the use of a login ID and password combination is a single-mechanism authentication (something the user knows) whereas, an ATM transaction requires a multi-feature authentication which is something that the user possesses (example: the ATM card) combined with something the user knows (example: PIN). Financial institutions offering Internet-based products and services should have reliable and secure methods to authenticate their customers. The level of authentication used by the financial institution should be at par level with the risks associated with those products and services that are offered. Risk assessments that indicate the use of single-feature authentication is inadequate, financial institutions should implement multi-feature authentication, layered security, or other controls to reduce or eliminate any risks. Another tip for banking online is to be very aware of Internet banking security. Identity theft is a real and growing problem today. As such, you need to be highly protective of your personal account information whenever doing transactions online. Make sure you never give personal information out over the Internet unless you are connected to a secure site. Also, store your access information in a secure place. Routinely check your computer for spy ware and viruses, protecting your identity this way as well. The important security feature you will want to make sure is in place with your online bank is encryption. Verify that the banking portal has high-end encryption software in place. If not, it might be advisable to choose a different banking option. You can verify this by looking for the graphic, which is usually located at the bottom right of the browser that signifies the encryption is in place. Last tip about Internet banking is to remember that some procedures are still affected by the business hours of the bank. Even if you transfer a balance at 8:00 PM, it may not show up on your account until the next business day. Plan your transactions accordingly if you are working on a tight budget. Use the Internet to shop for the best banking options. Check interest rates on loans and savings accounts online. The Internet can be a great tool in helping you secure the best possible banking services to meet your needs. The history of Internet banking has come a long way over the last six years, and it is only going to get better! Get connected to Internet banking today. Outcomes The Advantages of Online Banking. There is huge competition in online banking service in market and the new entrants into the services are providing huge benefits. First, online banking is convenient. It allows you to perform transactions, pay bills and check balances 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The bank virtually never closes because it is as accessible as your PC or laptop computer. No matter where you are in the country or in the world, you can visit your online bank and handle money matters. You can even schedule to pay several payees ahead of time rather than keeping up with paper bills or trying to remember when to visit a payees web site to make an online payment. Your bank will automatically send the payments on your behalf in the amounts and on the dates you specify. For example, online bill payment is easier and less expensive than generating and mailing a paper check. Your bank may offer free bill pay services; if so, this saves the expense of ordering checks and buying stamps. Checks will be generated and mailed by your bank at your authorization. Plus, the checks will have the vendor names directly on your bank statements, next to the amount of the check and check number. This is not true for traditional checks. Meanwhile, online banking is also opposed by traditional bankers because a huge percentage of profit is taken away by the portal providers and the bankers are left to play as brokers who bring two parties together. But there are many online services provided by online banking that eased the customers and the banks. The transactions provided by online banking are cheap as compared to branch service and phone transactions. It is easy to set up a bank and the customers get wide range of banking options online. Online banking services include the provisions for ATMs and anytime anywhere anyhow banking that is also called Martini Banking. The automated service of online banking helps customers to easily set up an account and withdraw money at any time. The customers can get a mini bank statements and balance inquiry through ATMs that are widely available even in remote locations. The online banking service reduces traveling cost of the customer and anytime requirement of money is fulfille d. Many billings can be done from home; office through online banking and shopping can be done without carrying heavy cash in pocket. Banks are benefited from online banking as the overhead operation cost gets reduced and repetitive paper tasks can is prevented. The automated systems have better efficiency and control on a job and a proper documentation of all transactions can be availed anytime by the banks. Thirdly, online banking is fast, efficient and effective. Through the internet, transactions are typically performed and executed at a faster rate than ATMs. In addition, online banks give you the ability to handle several bank accounts such as checking, savings, CDs, and IRAs from one site. The majority of banking sites are also compatible with programs like Quicken and Microsoft Money, so as to allow for more effective management of assets. Moreover, if you need to verify your bank account balance, just signing to your banks online services. No more waiting for the bank statement or calling the bank to get your balance. To get an accurate balance, take the banks balance as shown online, subtract any outstanding checks, and add any outstanding deposits. On the other hand, easily download the transactions like banking and credit card transactions. Download banking transactions directly into our financial software as often as we like. If use the ATM card often, this is a must, because it keeps your bank balance current in financial software. So that wont have to worry about keeping all those debit card receipts. Besides that, it doesnt waste time entering credit card charges by hand download them! This is probably one of the biggest advantages of online banking, since entering credit card transactions manually can be very time consuming. It is ubiquity, because if youre out of state or even out of the country when a money problem arises, you can log on instantly to your online bank and take care of business every day. Lastly, online investment can be profitable if conducted with a bit of caution. Familiarity with a complement as well as procession of online investment is essential. Investing tiny amounts primarily helps to revoke a risk factor. Once we have been assured enough, a amounts can be progressively increased. Online investment should be finished after consummate research. Online investigate can be finished in a remoteness of your home. Other resources, similar to newspapers as well as monetary magazines additionally suggest benefit in tracking investment opportunities. The report accessible online is customarily correct as well as reliable, to confirm upon a volume of investment. The websites have been continually updated as well as a accessible report might have been posted only hours ago. Some conjectural monetary websites suggest quotes which have been merely mines old. Online report upon investment is accessible twenty-four hours a day as well as 365 days a year. While internet banki ng makes it easier for you to manage your money, it might make it easier to forget to check how much you have so you can budget. Online banking is a lot like using a credit card; the easy access makes it easier to spend without thinking about why you are spending. You can set up e-mail alerts to let you know how when your account dips below a certain number, but nothing beats looking at it yourself and keeping your checkbook balanced. Also, when you get a credit-card statement in the mail and open it on a monthly basis, you are instantly reminded to check if any strange charges appear on your account. Its easier to forget to keep track of such information online, and youll need to have good money management habits. Disadvantages Internet banking services provide a number of benefits to businesses sector. But while it also has its disadvantages, businesses who are wishing to join the trend need to know its disadvantages as well. Despite the growing popularity of internet banking, it cannot be denied that some people still remain doubtful doing transactions online especially where money is concerned. Although most of the banks already improve their security services in order to reduce people or businesses doubtful about doing online banking, but there are still a lot of disadvantages about this. Below will be a certain disadvantages for businesses sector. The most disadvantage of online banking in business sector will be a requirement for staff in financial department with skill that deal to the computer and browser. As a staff in financial department has a responsible in task such as accessing account information and bank statements, pay bills that related with business, transfer money from one account to another account or apply for a checking, credit or other types of account or apply for loans or even download forms. All of these tasks may require a particular skill from them to maintenance the interest for businesses. Some of the staff may lack of training and experience to complete all of this tasks. Thus, it will influence the daily work in businesses cannot be progress with more smoothly. Besides that, the increasing number of fraudulent bank websites that created by hacker also can be a disadvantage or risk for online banking in businesses. A fraud banking sites will bring a lot of impact for businesses because it causes the staff in financial department confuse with the fraudulent websites. The purpose of hacker to create fraudulent banking websites was believe to aim to trick businesses disclose their sensitive information. If businesses login into this kind of websites, then the disclosure financial statement or information might be happen. Additionally, it may possible also influence the staff in financial department cannot fully complete variety of task because access the fraudulent banking websites. Thus, it will bring an impact for the overall operation in businesses. Not only for this, fraudulent bank websites that created by hacker will try to send a fake email to some businesses in order to get their confidential information. Hacker will try to verify related company confidential information through guide them enter into fraud links. When businesses not realize that is fake email and access into the fraud links, it might possible disclose their particular account information or password. Hackers can break into nearly any computer system. Any online bank site you consider should have statements on the type of security they use. You should also e-mail the bank or head to the bank branch to find out exactly what would happen if there were a security breach and press the point or go to another bank if the answer is vague. In general, you should think of your money as being as safe online as it would be in a vault, but it is your responsibility to find out just how secure the bank is, if they keep their security systems up-to-date. Finally, you shou ld also make sure that you use security software on your personal computer to reduce the chance that anyone can get your personal data. Furthermore, another disadvantage for online banking that is computer and browser from particular businesses will affect by viruses and worms that hide in the fraudulent website and email. When businesses received some suspicious email and open it or access some fraud some links, a Trojan program named Trojan horse program will install our computer immediately and secretly. This kind of program was hidden in computer and we might not realize it since the program already installed in our computer. When businesses do not realize that and access the fraudulent websites or read the suspicious email, the function of the program will been active and try to capture businesses account and password. Through by this, the hacker can access the account and capture any information about the account. The main issue for most people is that of trust. They may wonder if their transaction went through successfully or if they clicked on the correct button. The best way to overcome this uneasiness is to make a habit of printing the transaction receipt. Keep this receipt until your bank statement or online account view confirms that you have successfully executed the transaction. Online banking sites can also take a while to start up and can be difficult to learn at first. Some banks require customers to provide some form of photo identification in addition to signing a form at one of their branches. Spouses may also have to sign a power of attorney if you both plan to access and handle your accounts together online. In addition to all of this, it may take a while to learn how to use your banking site. Most if not all banks will offer an online banking tutorial. Some even offer live customer support for online banking via chat, email, or phone. Clearly, online banking has both advantages and disadvantages. It simplifies life for some people and for them it is frankly a better way to bank. For others it may be a little more complex and downright intimidating. In light of these two perceptions, more and more banks are offering online banking as a viable option for their customers. Lastly, one of the biggest disadvantages is the absence of a physical location. Being able to make deposits to a physical bank account assures peace of mind; you dont have to wonder if your check is lost in the mail or when its going to be credited to your account. Conclusion Banking is one of the most important parts of our society and economy. Banks provide the basic lending capital for all of the transactions of our economy. Without them we would indeed be in a bad spot. Even with them sometimes we are in it really bad-such as now with the financial crisis, which is really a bank crisis. Without a bank how would you borrow money to purchase a car or a home? By collectively pooling our money in a lending institution we can make life so much easier for everyone around us. This is particularly the case when we dont have a great deal of capital ourselves. Very few of us actually have the money to spend on large purchases. Because banks are so important you need to know about a great new option many of them offer. In our highly technological world there are some great conveniences resulting from the internet. The internet allows us to share large amounts of information with great speed. We can look up all sorts of interesting information, send each other em ails, and write fascinating blogs. Another thing we can do is to look at important banking information and make important transactions. We buy and sell all sorts of things on the internet. Did you know that you can also do much of your banking online? You can check your balance and you can transfer all sorts of money around from checking and savings. There are all sorts of options that online banking will offer you, but you need to know some things about it first. As a conclusion, online banking is very useful to every layer of people in this community. It is more convenient and easy to use. Beside from that, by using online banking, it save a lot of time and cost among each other and people no longer have to queue up in a long line at a counters to wait for their turn for personal or business purpose.

Storms :: essays research papers

If you know where and when to look, you can treat yourself to a colourful display of atmospheric haloes, spots and pillars. These images can tell you something about the clouds overhead and possible changes in the weather. All of these images are created by light shining through cirrostratus clouds. These clouds occur at an altitude of 6,000-12,000 metres. They appear as a thin sheet or layer (strata) that is pure white. The layer of cloud is so thin (only 100-450 metres) that is doesn't obscure the sun or moon, so you should be able to see your shadow. Cirrostratus is made of many types of ice crystals. However, four crystal shapes are responsible for producing most of the commonly see haloes-plate crystals, columns, capped columns and bullets. The most obvious halo is found around the sun. If the layer of cirrostratus is extensive, you'll see an entire ring. Within the layer of cloud, sunlight is striking and passing through the sides of randomly-oriented ice crystals. As the sunlight passes through each crystal, the light changes direction, or refracts. The radius of the hale depends on the amount of change in the direction of the sun's light. Usually this is 22 degrees. Since the sun is 1/2 of a degree across, the radius of the halo is 44 sun-widths. Occasionally you may see a second halo at 46 degrees from the sun (that is, with a radius of 92 sun-widths). This is produced by sunlight passing through both the side and bottom of each crystal. Moonlight will also produce a halo, around the moon, with the proper layer of cirrostatus. Another common optical effect is known as "mock suns" or "sun dogs" or "parhelia" (Greek for "with the sun"). These bright spots on either side of the sun, outside of the halo, occur when sunlight passes through the sides of capped columns, bullets and plate crystals, when these crystals are arranged with their sides vertical. The crystals wobble, diffusing and smearing the colours of the mock sun. You can see haloes and mock suns more clearly if you block out your view of the real sun by holding your hand in front of it at arm's length. Another spectactular optical effect is the solar pillar. This is a vertical shaft of light the same colour as the sun stretching upwards from the sun and is most often seen at sunset or sunrise. It's produced by sunlight reflecting of the base of plate and capped column crystals in the clouds.

Adoption And Identity Formation Essay -- essays research papers

There has been an enormous amount of research conducted about adoptees and their problems with identity formation. Many of the researchers agree on some of the causes of identity formation problems in adolescent adoptees, while other researchers conclude that there is no significant difference in identity formation in adoptees and birth children. This paper will discuss some of the research which has been conducted and will attempt to answer the following questions: Do adoptees have identity formation difficulties during adolescence? If so, what are some of the causes of these vicissitudes? Is there a significant difference between identity formation of adoptees and nonadoptees?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Adoption Center reports that fifty-two percent of adoptable children have attachment disorder symptoms. It was also found that the older the child when adopted, the higher the risk of social maladjustment (Benson et al., 1998). This is to say that a child who is adopted at one-week of age will have a better chance of “normal'; adjustment than a child who is adopted at the age of ten. This may be due in part to the probability that an infant will learn how to trust, where as a ten-year-old may have more difficulty with this task, depending on his history. Eric Erickson, a developmental theorist, discusses trust issues in his theory of development. The first of Erickson’s stages of development is Trust v. Mistrust. A child who experiences neglect or abuse can have this stage of development severely damaged. An adopted infant may have the opportunity to fully learn trust, where as an older child may have been shuffled from foster home to grou p home as an infant, thereby never learning trust. Even though Trust v. Mistrust is a major stage of development, “the greatest psychological risk for adopted children occurs during the middle childhood and adolescent years'; (McRoy et al., 1990). As children grow and change into adolescents, they begin to search for an identity by finding anchoring points with which to relate. Unfortunately, adopted children do not have a biological example to which to turn (Horner & Rosenberg, 1991), unless they had an open adoption in which they were able to form a relationship with their biological families as well as their adoptive ones. Also key to the development of trust is the ab... ..., K., Kotsopoulos, S., Oke, L., Pentland, N., Sheahan, P., & Stavrakaki, C. (1988). Psychiatric Disorders in Adopted Children: A Controlled Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58(4), 608-611.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hajal, F., & Rosenberg, E. (1991). The Family Life Cycle in Adoptive Families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 78-85.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Horner, T., & Rosenberg, E. (1991). Birthparent Romances and Identity Formation in Adopted Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 70-77.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kelly, M., Martin, B., Rigby, A., & Towner-Thyrum, E. (1998). Adjustment and Identity Formation in Adopted and Nonadopted Young Adults: Contributions of a Family Enviornment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 497-500.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McRoy, R., Grotevant, H., Furuta, A., & Lopez, S. (1990). Adoption Revelation and Communication Issues: Implications for Practice. Families in Society, 71, 550-557.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wegar, K. (1995). Adoption and Mental Health: A Theoretical Critique of the Psychopathological Model. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65(4), 540-548.

Benthams Utilitarianism in Victorian England :: European Europe History

Bentham's Utilitarianism in Victorian England    The philosophy of Utilitarianism influenced many of the social reforms in Great Britain during the early half of the nineteenth century. The name most frequently associated with Utilitarianism is that of Jeremy Bentham. Bentham's philosophical principles extended into the realm of government. These principles have been associated with several reform acts entered into English law such as the Factory Act of 1833, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Prison Act of 1835, the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835, the Committee on Education in 1839,the Lunacy Act of 1845, and the Public Health Act of 1845. In terms of their effect on Victorian era reform Bentham's two most influential works appear to be An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) and Constitutional Code (1830-1841). Utilitarianism as a philosophy was also known as Benthamism or Philosophical Radicalism. Opponents to utilitarian thought included Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, and Charles Dickens. Bentham's basic premise to his philosophy can be found in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation: Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do as well as to determine what we shall do (225) 1. Along with this idea of pleasure and pain as sovereign masters Bentham introduced what he called the principle of utility. This principle can be summarized as the principle that "every action should be judged right or wrong according to how far it tends to promote or damage the happiness of the community" (29),2 Bentham believed that human behavior was motivated by the desire to obtain some pleasure and to avoid some pain. In Introduction to the Principles he states that it is " the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong" (229) 1. These principles were intended by Bentham to be " a precept addressed to the legislators, to those responsible for the management of society" (27)2. Bentham hoped to affect some social change rather than to merely influence intellectual beliefs. He even went so far as to suggest that legislators should regulate the ways in which individuals sought their own happiness. The idea of punishment and reward were to be the means by which the legislator could control the people's pursuit of happiness. Rewards were regarded as a less important method than punishments.

Ethics Awareness Inventory Essay

The Ethics Awareness Inventory (EAI) is an instrument used to establish one’s different attitudes to different portions of ethical thought and behavior. According to The Williams Institute (2011), â€Å"Ethics Awareness Inventory is a powerful tool for developing ethical competency. Besides being an instructive personal ethics assessment instrument, the EAI is a practical and comprehensive ethics learning process composed of three sections: Ethical Awareness, Articulation and Application/Action†. (p. 1) The EAI establishes where one focus lies among the four categories regarding character, obligation, results, and equity. Depending on the answers of the questions given one’s ethical leanings are evaluated (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011). Below one will learn the importance of understanding one’s personal ethical perspective, the relationship between personal and professional ethics in psychology, how the APA decision-making process facilitates more ethical professional behavior, and how one’s ethical awareness inventory scores relate to the concept of aspirational and enforceable standards. Results of Inventory After taking the EAI, I found that my personal outcome regarding my personal ethics perspectives are evenly focused on character, obligation, and results (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2012). The summary segment of the EAI states my results point out a personal ethical confliction or deep control from exterior sources (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2012). My perspective on the assorted results are that my thought process, when making an ethical decision, takes numerous dimensions of ethical thought for deliberation. Prior to understanding my personal ethics, my ethical decision was directed by a combination of critical thinking and gut feeling. After reviewing the  philosophy of ethics, I looked back at why I made certain decisions. I now believe taking a methodical approach to ethical decisions permits an individual to cautiously think about the many possible outcomes of decisions made and actions taken. From job-related experiences, when I am placed into situations with individuals who have different ethics from me, I cautiously take steps to determine ethical dilemmas choices without violating the rights or opinions of all involved. In addition, the experiences working with teams at work, have taught me to carefully view the opinions of others before entering into open disagreement over a given course of action. I strongly believe, apart from the ethical position,. an individual has his or her individual right to express their opinion. The results of my EAI, combined with my experiences throughout school and work, have educated me that all ethical decisions require cautious thought. I firmly believe, in order to achieve the best results, one needs to take numerous factors including but limited to culture, into consideration while also allowing for future implications of any action dictated by ethical decisions I make. Ethical Professional Behavior The EAI indicates that ethical guidelines have changed from individual character to organizational ethics (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011). The prime focus of this change are client-patient relationships in psychological counseling and clinical practice (Fisher, (2013). Psychological counseling and clinical practice are both constructed on ethical guidelines with the possibility for misuse of power and negligence to discretion (Fisher, (2013). My Results-centered approach to psychology would deem that the actions of the clinician must be in formation with ethical guidelines of the clinician. Furthermore, my ethical perspective shows that the ethical guidelines that lie beneath the practice of psychology should try to find the best good for the greatest part of society (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2012). One issue in ethics are that ethics cease from a philosophical outlook to a practical discipline once personal ethics are fully developed (Barker, 1997). Many times personal ethics are articulated through words and action impacting daily routines (Barker, 1997).Many individuals are focused on producing solutions when faces with a issue and discouraged from complaining or disregarding the issue at hand. Personal ethics establish  individual virtues and defend individuals from external based vices like power or money (Barker, 1997). The code in ethical standards stresses more on ethical aspects on the connection connecting a psychologist’s personal and professional, or occupational life. Personal ethical standards determine how psychologists understand the relationship between what takes place at their work work-related and nonworking-related lives (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011). In case of personal troubles, the psychologists commonly evades starting an activity if there is substantial proof that his or her personal tribulations will obstruct them from competently performing and accomplishing his or her job-related duties (Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011) Because of previous knowledge on negative influence that dilemmas may create, psychologists adjust fitting measures to boost his or her success (Barker, 1997). There are many strategies to help one’s goal achievement. For example, receiving professional consultation, choosing whether to limit or adjust the behavior, suspend or cease his or her job- related responsibilities (Barker, 1997). Moreover, ethical standards require the minimum standard of behavior and is positioned to ensure affected individuals evade initiating his or her activity by reason of personal issues, obstructing personal competence, and performance in professional correlated activities (Barker, 1997). Aspirational And Enforceable Standards There is a dramatic relationship linking ethical awareness inventory scores and the idea of aspiration and enforceable standards (Miller, & Salkind, 2003). While ethical standards aim for implementing acceptable behavior within all fields of life, EAI scores determine there existing various challenges to its implementation (Miller, & Salkind, 2003). An individual faces many different frustrations in the course of addressing ethical dilemmas. The choice assumed to be correct in most cases is never the best choice for the supported organization; therefore, it does not benefit the individual making the decision. In addition, A cost benefit analysis instrument is said to be unsuitable in addressing issues; however, it is the most fitting instrument in various organizations (Barker, 1997). Believing in a moral responsibility of doing what is said to be correct and recommended leaves not enough room for negotiations upon violation of ethical duties (Barker, 1997). Regardless of of the different beliefs, it is  vital each individual has an obligation and responsibility. Conclusion With the above information one can see the importance of understanding personal ethical perspectives, the relationship between personal and professional ethics in psychology, how the APA decision-making process facilitates more ethical professional behavior, and how one’s ethical awareness inventory scores relate to the concept of aspirational and enforceable standards. Personal ethics are essential in understanding the source of a dilemma. personal ethics can help everyone involved to develop and find the best solution and instruments needed. When one understands one’s personal ethical perspective it can help gaining ones trust by describing what is wrong and right. Unsuccessful guidance can start from one not able to understand personal ethics. Ethics can provide a sense of truth and offer the guidelines to follow; which in turn can, can create good leadership and management that can help in development of better companies and society. References Barker, R. A. (1997). How can we train leaders if we do not know what leadership is? Human Relations, 50(4), 343-362. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/231429531?accountid=458 Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2011. For Ethics and Management. Retrieved from http://www.ethics-twi.org/Public/Home/index.cfm Ethics Awareness Inventory, 2012. A Guide to Personal Awareness of Your Ethical Perspective and Style. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/Vendors/TWI/EAI/ Ethics: What Is Right? Films On Demand. Films Media Group, 2004. Retrieved from . Fisher, C.B. (2013). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Joyce, N. R., & Rankin, T. J. (2010). The Lessons of the Development of the First APA Ethics Code: Blending Science, Practice, and Politics. Ethics & Behavior, 20(6), 466-481. Miller, D. C., & Salkind, N. J. (2003). ETHICAL PRACTICES IN RESEARCH. In , Handbook of Research Design & Social Measurement (pp. 1 00-141).

Santa Ines

1. Discuss the importance of philosophy. Why philosophy? Tell something about a philosopher and his philosophy? Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language Philosophic thought is an inescapable part of human existence. Almost everyone has been puzzled from time to time by such essentially philosophic questions as â€Å"What does life mean? † â€Å"Did I have any existence before I was born? † and â€Å"Is there life after death? † Most people also have some kind of philosophy in the sense of a personal outlook on life.Even a person who claims that considering philosophic questions is a waste of time is expressing what is important, worthwhile, or valuable. A rejection of all philosophy is in itself philosophy. ( Pilosopiko-iisip ay isang hindi maiwasan bahagi ng tao-iral. Halos ang lahat ay tuliro sa pana-panahon sa pamamagitan ng tulad mahalagang pilos opiko tanong ng â€Å"Ano ang ibig sabihin ay ang buhay? † â€Å"Hindi ko anumang pagkakaroon bago ako ay ipinanganak? † at â€Å"Mayroon bang buhay pagkatapos ng kamatayan? † Karamihan sa mga tao ay mayroon ding ilang mga uri ng pilosopiya sa kamalayan ng isang personal na pananaw sa buhay.Kahit na isang tao na claim na isinasaalang-alang ang mga pilosopiko katanungan ay isang basura ng oras ay pagpapahayag ng kung ano ang mahalaga, sulit, o mahalagang. Isang pagtanggi ng lahat ng pilosopiya sa mismong pilosopiya. ) By studying philosophy, people can clarify what they believe, and they can be stimulated to think about ultimate questions. A person can study philosophers of the past to discover why they thought as they did and what value their thoughts may have in one's own life. There are people who simply enjoy reading the great philosophers, especially those who were also great writers. Sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral pilosopiya, ang mga tao ay maaaring linawin ku ng ano ang pinaniniwalaan nilang, at maaaring sila ay stimulated upang isipin ang tungkol sa mga ultimate tanong. Ang isang tao ay maaaring pag-aralan ang mga philosophers ng nakaraan upang matuklasan kung bakit ang inisip nila tulad ng kanilang ginawa at kung ano ang pinahahalagahan kanilang mga pananaw ay maaaring magkaroon ng sariling buhay. May mga taong simpleng mga bisita sa pagbabasa ang mga dakilang philosophers, lalo na ang mga na mahusay na manunulat. ) PLATOGood people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws. â€Å"(Mabuting tao ay hindi kailangan batas upang sabihin sa kanila na kumilos responsable, habang ang mga masamang tao ay makahanap ng isang paraan sa paligid ng batas. â€Å") There is no harm in repeating a good thing. If you continue doing a good thing, then you will feel good. For example, working hard, if you take the time to work hard it will pay off in the end. Don't let a good thing slip away, you may only have one chance to keep it. 2. discus the common nation of love by manuel dy jr?

American Literature and Research

Society affects the lives of people who live in it. It dictates how they should behave and establishes norms that are expected to be obeyed otherwise people who do not fulfill the expectations are considered as deviant, rebellious and society’s outcasts. Society, however, is susceptible to change, as it is highly shaped by the events and its resulting pervasive ideas, occurring in certain periods of time.The three stories, â€Å"The Vanishing American Hobo† by Jack Kerouac, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut and â€Å"Soldier’s Home â€Å"by Ernest Hemingway clearly illustrates how society changes and how it affects the people in it and how people attempts to suppress deviance. The story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† is a story of a young man who returns as a changed man to Oklahoma in 1919 after the First World War. This story was first published in 1925. The young soldier Harold â€Å"Krebs† enlisted in the Marines and goes to war f or two years.When he returns home it is very obvious that he is not the same hopeful, slick, religious young man in the picture who goes to a Methodist College and enjoys college lives with fraternity brothers anymore. Now he is passive and refers to himself as not part of the â€Å"Kingdom†. Moreover, it seems he does not want to be involved with life in general, the reason is that,† He did not want consequences †¦. he wanted to live along without consequences,† therefore he withdrew (Hemingway 2007).Around him there is an air and sense of loss, he even has to lose his own war stories as he had to tell lies about his experiences since people in his town decided they have had enough of the stories of atrocities related by the soldiers who came home earlier than him. Moreover, there are so many things that he does not want to take part anymore even courting as it states, â€Å"He did not want to have to do any courting† (Hemingway 2007). It is pretty ob vious that the war had changed Krebs, and the line â€Å"he couldn’t make her see it†, when he comforts his mother after telling her that he does not love her, hinted to the reason (Hemingway 2007).The war had taught him a lot of things including stifling his emotions. And most importantly, he could not explain to his mother what he had gone through in the war, he could not make her understand and see the horror the war has exposed him. But his family, especially his parents, could not see why he has to act that way while the other soldiers in the neighborhood had clearly moved on, having good jobs and getting married, and so they pressured him to go back to the normal society. The First World War brought many countries into a global armed conflict that was considered the first devastating and horrible event in all of human history.People died by the thousands and many suddenly find themselves losing their family and friends. The soldiers, especially, are daily exposed not only to the hardships of war but the terror and anxiety that accompanies it. Trench warfare specifically exposed the soldiers to a very harsh, stagnant and extremely dangerous environment. Right before their eyes skulls and brains were blown away. An example of a horrible incident is when a man who had the top of his head blown away was groaning like an animal for three hours before he died (Hemingway Lecture Notes).Soldiers surrounding him cannot avoid being affected by such painful human torture, as they were helpless to ease his pain. No wonder that an incident like this made many soldiers who return home after the war broken, without hope and suffer emotional numbness and disbelief like Krebs did. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs it is normal that soldiers experiences a kind of trauma (shellshock and post traumatic stress disorder) after the war since it is indeed a very shocking human experience.Soldiers feel somehow dissociated from what they know is  "normal life†. It is possible that the other soldiers like Charley Simmons who easily adjusted to normal life in Oklahoma did not suffer as much as Krebs did. Studies revealed that soldiers do not experience the same kind of trauma as not all of them are exposed to more â€Å"prolonged, extensive, and horrifying† situation as Krebs probably was. However, society put pressure on them by expecting them to move on, to forget the war (â€Å"National Center† 2007).The short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† reflects the 1950’s conformity lifestyle and the rebellious protestation of a young boy against it. It was published in 1961. The story describes the hopeful and desperate attempts of that society to eliminate differences and to achieve equality especially in terms of intellect and physical appearance. If any man has above normal average intelligence, they put a metal handicap radio in his ear which in every 20 seconds, a noise from the government transm itter will interrupt his thinking, so that he cannot use his intelligence for his advantage.If a woman is beautiful, a hideous mask covers her face to conceal her beauty. Moreover, people are burdened with sashweights and bags of birdshot to keep them from being graceful in their movements or to reduce their strength. The point is, anything that can make them look as superior from every body else are made into a handicap. They do not want â€Å"to go back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else† (Vonnegut 2005).Moreover, the idea of disobeying the law, when Hazel suggested that they made a hole to take out some lead balls from the birdshot canvas bag, was an unthinkable thing for according to George, â€Å" The minute people start cheating on laws, what do you think happens to society†( Vonnegut 2005)? They believe that cheating on laws brings social upheavals that they do not like. The strange thing is that Hazel and George and the peop le around them seem to get used to the idea of conformity, as George states,† I don't notice it any more. It just a part of me† (Vonnegut 2005).However, their son, Harrison, is put into jail and eventually killed for rebelling against it. As the Handicapper General attacked their son on TV, parents of Harrison were not able to help him. Two are several forces that led into the conformity of the 1950†s: the Korean conflict and the threat of communism. But the underlying root cause of it all is the fear of the terrors of war that they previously experienced in the Second World War. Therefore to avoid any conflict, social conformity is encouraged since they believed that conformity is unity.The place of men and women in society were clearly defined: women stay home while the men go out to work and achieve the American dream. This is being depicted by Hazel and George Bergeron: Hazel stays at home while George works. Men are especially drawn to the collective idea of à ¢â‚¬Å"organization man†; they were expected to work in corporations, to put on flannel suits and pursue the American dream. The American dream is like the Handicapper General that dictates the ideas and dreams of the people. Every one is encouraged to think and act alike and was preoccupied with the lure of consumerism and materialism.Conformity are also seen in the sameness of house designs , like the one in Levittown and the sameness of appetite, as Americans began to be obsessed with fast foods. Conformity was especially achieved with the aid of Television. As in the story, all of the action occurred in front of the Television (Costello 2007). However, the young generations are beginning to rebel, as symbolized by Harrison, but the force of conformity was so strong that parents are in bondage to it, unable to extend the necessary psychological and emotional help that their children desperately needed.The â€Å"Vanishing American Hobo† was published in 1960. It tells of the experiences of the hobos as they travels like vagabonds from place to place across America usually with back packs on their backs. They are a people who choose to live as exiles of society, who sleep just anywhere, to experience the freedom that they desire, â€Å"There's nothing nobler than to put up with a few inconveniences like snakes and dust for the sake of absolute freedom† (Kerouac 2008). But freedom from what?Obviously from their restrictive society who dictates what they should do or have. According to Kerouac, the hobo â€Å"is born of pride, having nothing to do with a community but with himself and other hobos and maybe a dog† (Kerouac 2008). This means that they are proud of their lifestyle or subculture, that they deliberately do not want to associate with society and maintain little intimate interest with other people, aside from the hobos like them. The author laments that they are quickly becoming a vanishing lot because of the police and the m edia.The police, riding in their tax-paid police, cars searches for them everywhere suspecting them as possible spies against the government while the media, on the other hand, portray them as â€Å"the rapist, the strangler, and child-eater† so that adults and children stay away from them and no longer provides them with the food that they need (Kerouac 2008). This shows clearly the attempts of the government to suppress the subculture that they symbolizes and to force them back to what is â€Å"normal†.In the wake of the conformity of the 1950’s arises the Beat generation. â€Å"Beat generation† is attributed to Jack Kerouac. Though it could mean being defeated or weary of life â€Å"like being pushed up against the wall† or implying a sense of being used or raw Jack would also like it to refer to what is beatific (The Beat Generation Lecture). Jack and his friends, in ushering in the beat generation, encourages the protest of the 60’s aga inst the established society of materialism, where everyone are encouraged to own cars and decent homes.The generation, having experienced uncertainties of the Depression and the terror of war in childhood, is a disillusioned lot who desperately wants to hold on to something that they can believe in(Beat Generation Lecture Notes; Abieva [no date]). They do not find such meaning in the collective conformity of the 1950’s, the generation of their fathers. In fact, they do not trust this collective society who was responsible for the bad circumstances of depression and global wars.The hobos, particularly, are glorified as people who defy the restrictive and demanding norms of society in pursuit of freedom. They symbolize the solitary desire of that generation, to be left alone, to figure things out for themselves, to search for meaning. As the period was compounded by hysteria of the rise of communism, it seems that the right thing to do in that generation, to preserve ones indi vidual identity, is to quit that society.Attempts were made to discourage this deviance (subculture) as what McCarthy did in his pursuit against communism. The media and police were effective tools for suppression (Abieva, [no date]). The three stories therefore clearly give an insight into the societies in the periods of American history following just after turbulent struggles. The horrors and uncertainties of the Wars and Depression molded the consciousness of the people, and as they try to cope with the challenge of their era, it therefore changed their way of thinking and lifestyle.People become united for certain causes and also united in their sufferings. However, some people do try to get out of its safe mold, to carve a life according to the dictates of their own minds. To be different is what scares most people so that society always attempts to suppress this deviance back to conformity by exerting force or pressure. Works Cited Abieva, Natalia. Protest and Experiment in t he Literature of the Beat Generation. Fairfield University. [no date]. Accessed November 4, 2008 Costello, Mr. Conformity Notes: 1950s Lecture On Society. Canfield Foundation Website. March 2007. Accessed November 4, 2008 < http://servtlc. access-k12. org/ achievement/Fifties_Conformity. htm> Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"Soldier’s Home†. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 2007. Accessed November 4, 2008 Kerouac , Jack. â€Å"The Vanishing American Hobo†.Cloud Bird Trail Home. 2008. Accessed November 4, 2008 â€Å"National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder â€Å". United States Department of Veterans Affairs. May 2007. Accessed November 4, 2008 Vonnegut, Kurt. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†. West Valley College. September 2005. Accessed November 4, 2008